The main differences between living in Canada and Nigeria

Moving to a new country with a separate culture, lifestyle, people, and language can be challenging for new immigrants. Culture shock is real, and it takes an adjustment period before newcomers adapt to their new surroundings. This phenomenon is most apparent when it comes to two countries with contrasting cultural, social and economic conditions.

This article deals with one such case- Canada and Nigeria. Though separated geographically, the two nations are seeing more extensive interactions due to Canada's progressive immigration policies. In 2022, Nigeria was the fourth top source country for newcomers to Canada, with 22,085 or 5.05% of all permanent residents. This does not include the approximately 100,000 Canadians of Nigerian descent already inside the country.

With the facts out of the way, let's dive into the most common differences you'll notice when coming from either side.

Economic Opportunities and Employment

• Canada: Canada is renowned for its stable economy and diverse job market. The country offers numerous opportunities in technology, healthcare, engineering, and finance, among other sectors. Skilled immigrants often benefit from structured programs like the Express Entry system, which assesses and facilitates the entry of professionals based on labour market needs. Canadian labour laws also protect workers' rights, ensuring fair wages and working conditions.

• Nigeria: Nigeria, the largest economy in Africa, relies heavily on oil exports but has a growing tech and entrepreneurial sector. The job market can be competitive, and informal employment is common. Economic opportunities vary significantly, with a high degree of entrepreneurship, but challenges like inconsistent power supply and infrastructural deficits exist.

Quality of Life

• Canada: Canada consistently ranks among the global leaders on quality-of-life indices. It had a Human Development Index score of 0.945 out of 1, placing it at the high tier of the UNDP's HDI index. The country offers excellent healthcare through its publicly funded system, although wait times for some services can be long. Education is also a strong suit, with a plethora of world-class universities and a robust public education system. Canadian cities are known for their cleanliness, safety, and well-maintained public spaces.

• Nigeria: Quality of life in Nigeria can vary widely. Urban centers like Lagos and Abuja have modern amenities, but traffic congestion, pollution, and inconsistent public services can affect daily living. While private healthcare is available and often preferred, public healthcare systems can be under-resourced. Education quality varies significantly, with top-tier private institutions contrasting sharply with many public schools.

Cultural Differences and Social Integration

• Canada: Canada prides itself on being a multicultural society. It encourages the preservation of cultural identities while fostering an inclusive environment. The country performs well in Diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) metrics and was recently named among the top 3 for inclusivity. Immigrants in Canada can find supportive communities through various multicultural organizations and events. English and French are the official languages, with services and integration programs available to assist newcomers.

• Nigeria: Nigeria is a culturally rich and diverse country with over 250 ethnic groups and languages. The major languages are Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and English. Social life in Nigeria is vibrant and community-oriented. Immigrants might experience a strong sense of hospitality but should also be prepared to navigate complex social dynamics and varying cultural practices.

Climate and Environment

• Canada: Canada experiences many climates, from harsh winters with heavy snowfall in the north to mild, rainy conditions on the west coast. Seasonal changes are significant, requiring adaptation to cold winters and hot summers in many regions. The country boasts abundant natural beauty with numerous national parks, forests, and freshwater lakes.

• Nigeria: Nigeria has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. Temperatures are consistently high year-round, especially in the northern regions, while coastal areas experience more humidity. The country's diverse geography includes savannas, rainforests, and mountainous areas. Environmental challenges such as deforestation and urban pollution are notable concerns.

Safety and Security

• Canada: Canada is considered one of the safest countries in the world. It has low crime rates and a strong rule of law, contributing to a general sense of security. The police and emergency services are reliable and accessible, which enhances public confidence and safety.

• Nigeria: Safety in Nigeria varies significantly by region. While some areas are relatively safe, others face challenges such as crime, political instability, and terrorism, particularly in the northeastern parts of the country. Security measures are improving, but expatriates and immigrants must stay informed about local conditions and take necessary precautions.

Conclusion

Immigrating from Nigeria to Canada or vice versa involves navigating complex differences in economic opportunities, quality of life, cultural practices, climate, and security. Both countries offer unique advantages and challenges. For immigrants, understanding these differences is crucial for successful integration and making the most of their new environment. Whether one seeks the economic stability and multiculturalism of Canada or the vibrant culture and entrepreneurial spirit of Nigeria, both countries provide distinct and enriching experiences.